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Deaerator Storage Tank
In order to remove dissolved air or non-condensate gases from the fluid, the Deaerator tank functions as a feed water tank to store cold and hot fluid. Gases that do not condensate can be taken out of a feed by deaerating the feed tank. Deaerator is used to mechanically Deaerator boiler feed water by removing dissolved gases. Deaeration protects the steam system from the damaging effects of corrosive gases. By reducing the amount of dissolved oxygen and carbon dioxide in the system.
What Functions Does a Deaerator Serve?
The purpose of a Deaerator is to produce clean, deaerator water by removing oxygen and other dissolved gases from boiler-feed water. In order to lessen corrosion and increase the lifespan of a steam-generating boiler, Deaerator is used in industrial applications such as power plants and chemical processing industries. This is accomplished by a Deaerator by lowering the concentration of dissolved oxygen and carbon dioxide in the feed water, which over time lowers the number of corrosive compounds in the steam system. Carbon dioxide levels will be zero and dissolved oxygen levels will be below or equal to 7 ppb (parts per billion) when the deaerator water leaves the Deaerator (this can be tested through an extraction point). Deaerator also lessen the need for chemicals used in water purification, like oxygen scavengers.
A Deaerator not only increases the temperature of the feed water before it enters the boiler, reducing the amount of fuel needed by the boiler to heat the water hot enough to produce steam, but also lowers the number of dissolved gases in the feed water to reduce corrosion damage. As a result, the boiler system operates more effectively and efficiently overall, which lowers operating costs.
The Deaeration Principle
Henry's Law of Partial Pressure, a physical chemistry principle that states that the amount of dissolved gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure above that liquid, underlies the operation of Deaerators. The partial pressure above the boiler feed water decreases as deaeration occurs as the temperature of the water increases. Simply put, as the water's temperature rises, the gases' solubility in the liquid decreases.
With an increase in water temperature, oxygen becomes less soluble in the liquid. However, the amount of water vapor in the air above the liquid rises as the water temperature rises and approaches saturation temperature. Theoretically, no oxygen remains in the water when it reaches the boiling point, or full saturation temperature. In light of these physical properties, it can be concluded that oxygen can be removed from water by increasing temperature and lowering the amount of dissolved oxygen in the air above the water.
Different Deaerators
Tray-type and spray-type Deaerators are the two main types of Deaerators currently in use. That said, tray Deaerators are advised for the majority of applications by reputable consulting engineers from all over the world.
Deaerators in a Tray
A deaeration section is typically mounted above a horizontal feed water storage compartment or storage section in a tray-type Deaerator. Spray valves attached to horizontal header pipe direct water into a stainless-steel enclosure from the deaeration section. Water is spread across a section of trays during the first stage of deaeration in the form of a thin film or droplets. In a subsequent stage, the water is deaerator as it falls through the trays' openings.
Under the trays, low-pressure steam enters the enclosure and rises in the opposite direction of the water. Deaeration's first and second stages work together to ensure remarkably high performance by extending the time that steam and water are in contact. Through the vent connection at the top of the vessel, the steam removes the dissolved gases from the boiler feed water. The vent line must be sufficiently opened for steam venting in order for the Deaerator to function properly and prevent high oxygen content in the boiler feed water system.
Typically, the vent line has a valve that permits just enough steam to escape along with the vented gases to create a small, visible telltale steam plume. At this point, the concentration of dissolved oxygen should be 7 ppb or less. The horizontal storage vessel is where the deaerated feed water descends before being pumped to the boiler.
Deaerators That Spray
Typically, a spray-type Deaerator consists of a single horizontal vessel with preheating and deaeration sections. Through the inlet water connection, the boiler feed water is sprayed into the preheating section, where it is preheated by the Deaerators saturated environment. To enable the stripping of the dissolved gases and removal of oxygen content in the deaeration section, the feed water is heated to its saturation temperature.
The preheated feed water then enters the deaeration or spray scrubber section, where it comes into contact with the incoming steam. The water is kept in retention in the scrubber section so that it can thoroughly combine with the incoming steam. The scrubber also creates a path where the water and additional steam must constantly mix. The non-condensable gases are drawn from the water and released through the vessel's venting section or connection. The boiler receives the deaerator feed water that is pumped from the vessel's bottom.
Tray Deaerators are the type of Deaerator that all reputable consulting engineers recommend, despite the fact that there are several different types of Deaerators. The Heat Exchange Institute (HEI) has only approved tray Deaerators (counterblow types, not parallel down flow types), as they keep all gases contained in stainless steel to prevent corrosion of the carbon steel vessel. Where durability and trouble-free operation are required, tray counters flow Deaerators are the preferred option.
The Objectives of a Deaerator
The operational effectiveness of a Deaerator in terms of how much oxygen it removes from the boilers feed water determines how technically efficient it is. Additionally, measurements are made of the amount of gas that enters the storage tank at its inlet and the amount that exits at the feed water's outlet.
A Deaerator must make sure that the cold feed water is sufficiently heated to prevent thermal shock to the boiler for it to be considered to be operating at its best capacity. In addition, it must eliminate all other dissolved gases to stop corrosion and pitting and to lessen the need for water treatment chemicals and an oxygen scavenger.
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